Supplementary Research Data for "Gasification of Heavy Metal–Contaminated Biochar: Experimental Investigation and Thermodynamic Analysis"

This dataset contains supplementary experimental and characterization data supporting the research article “Gasification of heavy metal–contaminated biochar: Experimental investigation and thermodynamic analysis,” published in Energy Conversion and Management: X, Volume 29 (2026), Article 101557.

The dataset includes gas evolution profiles for biochar gasification; dry-gas composition data showing the effects of gasification temperature and reaction time on the average gaseous product composition; Raman spectra of pyrolytic and gasified birch biochars; inorganic composition of contaminated and uncontaminated birch biomass; a summary of the gasification experiments conducted under pure CO2 and 50/50 vol% H2O/CO2 atmospheres at different temperatures and reaction times; elemental analysis of pyrolyzed and gasified biochars; moisture, ash, and ultimate analysis of contaminated birch biomass; information on the elements and solution compounds included in the thermodynamic databases used for equilibrium modelling; concentrations of selected inorganic elements in pyrolyzed and gasified biochars; and BET surface area, total pore volume, and average pore diameter of the resulting biochars.

Heavy metal-contaminated birch biomass collected from a phytoremediation site was carbonized, and the resulting biochar was gasified under pure CO2 or a 50/50 vol% H2O/CO2 atmosphere at temperatures between 700 and 900 °C. The experimental investigation evaluated gas composition, biochar conversion, structural and textural properties, and the retention of heavy metals, particularly Zn and Pb. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations were performed using FactSage 8.4 and FactFlow to assess elemental speciation and equilibrium tendencies for heavy-metal volatilization and retention under different thermal conversion conditions.

The dataset supports the evaluation of the effects of gasifying atmosphere, temperature, and residence time on syngas composition, biochar conversion and properties, and heavy-metal retention during the gasification of contaminated biomass.