Highly fluorescent aerosol particle and fungal DNA data collected in Pallas from April to September 2023

Station information: 
Data was recorded at Sammaltunturi Station (67.9733°N 24.1157°E) at 564 m above sea level in the Pallas Atmosphere-Ecosystem Supersite in the sub-Arctic region of Finnish Lapland. Instruments were connected to a heated total suspended particles (TSP) inlet. 

Data recorded with Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor 5/NEO (Droplet Measurement Technology, USA), short WIBS:

The instrument was operated between 13.04.2023 16:30 (UTC+2h) and 28.08.2023 18:30 (UTC+2h).

Instrument description: 
The WIBS samples air with a sample flow rate of 0.3 l/min and uses a 635 nm diode laser to measure the size of single particles between 0.5 and 30 µm and to trigger two xenon lamps with excitation wavelengths of 280 nm and 370 nm. Fluorescence emission intensity is measured in two emission windows of 310 - 400 nm and 432 - 650 nm, resulting in three main fluorescence channels: 
FL1 (excitation 280 nm and emission 310 to 400 nm), FL2 (excitation 280 nm and emission 420 to 650 nm) and FL3 (excitation 370 nm and emission 420 to 650 nm). 
A particle is considered highly fluorescent if it exceeds the 9 sigma fluorescence threshold (forced trigger intensity plus nine standard deviations) in any channel (HFAP). 
HFAPs are split into 10 types of fluorescent particles : 
HFAP_A (FL1 only),  
HFAP_B (FL2 only),  
HFAP_C (FL3 only),  
HFAP_AB (FL1 and FL2 only),  
HFAP_AC (FL1 and FL3 only),  
HFAP_BC (FL2 and FL3 only)
HFAP_ABC (FL1 and FL2 and FL3),  
HFAP_FL1 (A+AB+AC+ABC),  
HFAP_FL2(B+AB+BC+BC) and 
HFAP_FL3 (C+AC+BC+ABC).

Data acquisition, evaluation and quality control are described in detail in Gratzl et al., (2025) for data collected during the PaCE22 campaign, and were handled in the same way for this data.

Information about the datafile "TUW_WIBS_HFAP_CONC_b1_13.04.2023-28.08.2023.csv":

Overview: 
This data set contains number concentrations of total aerosol particles (TAPs) and highly fluorescent aerosol particles (HFAPs) of diameter 0.5 to 30 µm (optical equivalent diameter) obtained by WIBS.

Data description: This data set contains 13 variables:
(1) "Startime (UTC+2)": The starting date and time of the 30-minute measuring interval (dd.MM.yyyy hh:mm) in UTC+2h,
(2) "N_TAP": Number concentration of total particles measured from 0.5 µm to 30 µm in cm^(-3) as a 30-minute average,
(3) "N_HFAP_FL": Number concentration of total highly fluorescent particles (9 sigma threshold) measured from 0.5 µm to 30 µm in cm^(-3) as a 30-minute average,
(4) "N_HFAP_FL1": Number concentration of highly fluorescent particles in FL1 (9 sigma threshold) measured from 0.5 µm to 30 µm in cm^(-3) as a 30-minute average,
(5) "N_HFAP_FL2": Number concentration of highly fluorescent particles in FL2 (9 sigma threshold) measured from 0.5 µm to 30 µm in cm^(-3) as a 30-minute average,
(6) "N_HFAP_FL3": Number concentration of highly fluorescent particles in FL3 (9 sigma threshold) measured from 0.5 µm to 30 µm in cm^(-3) as a 30-minute average,
(7) "N_HFAP_A": Number concentration of highly fluorescent particles in A (9 sigma threshold) measured from 0.5 µm to 30 µm in cm^(-3) as a 30-minute average,
(8) "N_HFAP_B": Number concentration of highly fluorescent particles in B (9 sigma threshold) measured from 0.5 µm to 30 µm in cm^(-3) as a 30-minute average,
(9) "N_HFAP_C": Number concentration of highly fluorescent particles in C (9 sigma threshold) measured from 0.5 µm to 30 µm in cm^(-3) as a 30-minute average,
(10) "N_HFAP_AB": Number concentration of highly fluorescent particles in AB (9 sigma threshold) measured from 0.5 µm to 30 µm in cm^(-3) as a 30-minute average,
(11) "N_HFAP_AC": Number concentration of highly fluorescent particles in AC (9 sigma threshold) measured from 0.5 µm to 30 µm in cm^(-3) as a 30-minute average,
(12) "N_HFAP_BC": Number concentration of highly fluorescent particles in BC (9 sigma threshold) measured from 0.5 µm to 30 µm in cm^(-3) as a 30-minute average,
(13) "N_HFAP_ABC": Number concentration of highly fluorescent particles in ABC (9 sigma threshold) measured from 0.5 µm to 30 µm in cm^(-3) as a 30-minute average.

Data level: b1 – data with quality control checks applied and missing data points or those with bad values were set to "nan".
All concentration values are reported per standard volume of air.

Information about the datafile "TUW_WIBS_HFAP_SD_b1_13.04.2023-28.08.2023.csv":

Overview: 
This data set contains number size distributions of total aerosol particles (TAPs)  and highly fluorescent particles (HFAPs) of diameter 0.50 to 30.42 µm (optical equivalent diameter) in 15 logarithmically equidistant size channels: 
0.55 - 0.66 µm, 0.66 - 0.86 µm, 0.86 - 1.14 µm, 1.14 - 1.50 µm, 1.50 - 1.97 µm, 1.97 - 2.59 µm, 2.59 - 3.40 µm, 3.40 - 4.47 µm, 4.47 - 5.88 µm, 5.88 - 7.73 µm, 7.73 - 10.17 µm, 10.17 - 13.37 µm, 13.37 - 17.59 µm, 19.59 - 23.13 µm, 23.13 - 30.42 µm, obtained by a WIBS.

Data description: This data set contains 13 variables:
(1) "Startime (UTC+2)": The starting date and time of the 30-minute measuring interval (dd.MM.yyyy hh:mm) in UTC+2h
(2) "SD_TAP": Number size distribution (dN/dlogDp) of total particles measured from 0.5 µm to 30 µm in cm^(-3) in 15 size channels as a 30-minute average,
(3) "SD_HFAP_FL": Number size distribution (dN/dlogDp) of total fluorescent particles (9 sigma threshold) measured from 0.5 µm to 30.42 µm in cm^(-3) in 15 size channels as a 30-minute average,
(4) "SD_HFAP_FL1": Number size distribution (dN/dlogDp) of fluorescent particles in FL1 (9 sigma threshold) measured from 0.5 µm to 30.42 µm in cm^(-3) in 15 size channels as a 30-minute average,
(5) "SD_HFAP_FL2": Number size distribution (dN/dlogDp) of fluorescent particles in FL2 (9 sigma threshold) measured from 0.5 µm to 30.42 µm in cm^(-3) in 15 size channels as a 30-minute average,
(6) "SD_HFAP_FL3": Number size distribution (dN/dlogDp) of fluorescent particles in FL3 (9 sigma threshold) measured from 0.5 µm to 30.42 µm in cm^(-3) in 15 size channels as a 30-minute average,
(7) "SD_HFAP_A": Number size distribution (dN/dlogDp) of fluorescent particles in A (9 sigma threshold) measured from 0.5 µm to 30.42 µm in cm^(-3) in 15 size channels as a 30-minute average,
(8) "SD_HFAP_B": Number size distribution (dN/dlogDp) of fluorescent particles in B (9 sigma threshold) measured from 0.5 µm to 30.42 µm in cm^(-3) in 15 size channels as a 30-minute average,
(9) "SD_HFAP_C": Number size distribution (dN/dlogDp) of fluorescent particles in C (9 sigma threshold) measured from 0.5 µm to 30.42 µm in cm^(-3) in 15 size channels as a 30-minute average,
(10) "SD_HFAP_AB": Number size distribution (dN/dlogDp) of fluorescent particles in AB (9 sigma threshold) measured from 0.5 µm to 30.42 µm in cm^(-3) in 15 size channels as a 30-minute average,
(11) "SD_HFAP_AC": Number size distribution (dN/dlogDp) of fluorescent particles in AC (9 sigma threshold) measured from 0.5 µm to 30.42 µm in cm^(-3) in 15 size channels as a 30-minute average,
(12) "SD_HFAP_BC": Number size distribution (dN/dlogDp) of fluorescent particles in BC (9 sigma threshold) measured from 0.5 µm to 30.42 µm in cm^(-3) in 15 size channels as a 30-minute average,
(13) "SD_HFAP_ABC": Number size distribution (dN/dlogDp) of fluorescent particles in ABC (9 sigma threshold) measured from 0.5 µm to 30.42 µm in cm^(-3) in 15 size channels as a 30-minute average,
Variables (2) to (13) each consist of 15 values per time interval for the 15 size channels. The size channels are indicated as "_(lower limit_upper limit)" in µm.

Data level: b1 – data with quality control checks applied and missing data points or those with bad values were set to "nan".

All concentration values are reported per standard volume of air.

Information about the datafile "TUW_WIBS_ABC_raw_particle_data_a1_13.04.2023-28.08.2023.csv":

Overview:
This data set contains the asymmetry factor, diameter and fluorescence intensity in FL1, FL2 and FL3, respectively, for every single ABC particle detected with WIBS between 13.04.2023 22:00:13 and 28.08.2023 16:34:15. 
The Asymmetry factor is a dimensionless number between 0 and 100 and indicates the sphericity of the particle, where 0 should be yielded by a hypothetical perfect sphere and a thin fiber should yield a value close to 100.
The fluorescence intensities are threshold corrected (intensity - (forced trigger intensity + nine standard deviations)).

Data description: This data set contains 7 variables:
(1) "ABC_particle_number": The number of the detected ABC particle, 
(2) "Timestamp (dd.MM.yyyy hh:mm:ss)": The date and time of the detection of the ABC particle in UTC,
(3) "Asymmetry_factor": The asymmetry factor of the detected particle,
(4) "Diameter (µm)" The optical equivalent diameter in µm,
(5) "Fluorescence_intensity_FL1 (a.u.)": The fluorescence intensity in the FL1 channel in arbitrary units after threshold correction,
(6) "Fluorescence_intensity_FL2 (a.u.)": The fluorescence intensity in the FL2 channel in arbitrary units after threshold correction,
(7) "Fluorescence_intensity_FL2 (a.u.)": The fluorescence intensity in the FL3 channel in arbitrary units after threshold correction,

Data level: a1 – data converted to physical units.

Data from eDNA sequencing of fungi:

Description:
8 47 mm polycarbonat filters with 0.2 µm pore size were installed in a metal filter holder inside Sammaltunturi station, connected to the TSP (Total suspended particles) inlet between 16.09.2023, 11:05 and 20.09.2023, 14:31 (UTC+2h). The flow rate was held constant at 4 stdl/min.

DNA extraction, library preparation and sequencing, quality filtering and processing, taxonomic assignment, and data analysis were performed to analyze the fungal ITS2 region using Illumina MiSeq and various bioinformatics tools.

Information about the datafile "TUW_OTU_relative_abundance_a1_16.09.2023-20.09.2023":

Overview:
This dataset contains the relative abundance of sequence reads of fungal species for each of 8 air filters between 16.09.2023 and 20.09.2023.
The start and end times of filter sampling are indicated in the data file.

Data description: This data set contains 15 variables:
(1) "Species number": The number of the detected species (1 - 226) in order of highest to lowest median abundance over all 8 filters,
(2) "OTU": The Operational Taxonomic Unit of the detected fungus,
(3) "Phylum",
(4) "Class",
(5) "Order",
(6) "Genus",
(7) "Species".
(8) "Filter 1": Relative abundance of reads of the fungus defined with variables (2) to (7) on Filter 1,
(9) "Filter 2": Same as (8), but with Filter 2,
(10) "Filter 3": Same as (8), but with Filter 3,
(11) "Filter 4": Same as (8), but with Filter 4,
(12) "Filter 5": Same as (8), but with Filter 5,
(13) "Filter 6": Same as (8), but with Filter 6,
(14) "Filter 7": Same as (8), but with Filter 7,
(15) "Filter 8": Same as (8), but with Filter 8.

Data level: a1 – data converted to physical units.

Reference:  
Gratzl, J., Brus, D., Doulgeris, K., Böhmländer, A., Möhler, O., and Grothe, H.: Fluorescent aerosol particles in the Finnish sub-Arctic during the Pallas Cloud Experiment 2022 campaign, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-543, in review, 2025.

Contact: 
Jürgen Gratzl, TU Wien, juergen.gratzl@tuwien.ac.at, or Hinrich Grothe, TU Wien, hinrich.grothe@tuwien.ac.at